Salem in 1869

World Events

• Former general, Ulysses S. Grant is elected as 18th President.
• Suez Canal opens providing a sea-level passage between the Mediterranean and Red Sea.
• In Australia, prospectors find the world's largest gold nugget, the "Welcome Stranger".
• A golden spike at Promontory, Utah connects the rails to complete our first Transcontinental Railway.
• "Black Friday", September 14, signals the beginning of the Fisk-Gould financial panic.
• The American Museum of Natural History is founded in New York.
• New American Books: Bret Harte's Outcasts of Poker Flat and Mark Twain's Innocents Abroad.

In SalemAs the world is coming closer to Salem with trans-continental rail service, the city is also moving along with its own transportation innovations. Excitement on State Street is due to organization of the volunteer Tiger Engine Company #2 at the site of the present Catlin-Lynn building. The company's log acknowledges the contribution of uniforms from local merchants and delivery of this Hunneman fire engine. Salem's volunteer firefighters had sporting competitions and tournaments among the 3 companies, but were a close-knit brotherhood. When a fellow firefighter was seriously injured at a fire, his comrades pooled their money to ease the burden of the family. When a fellow firefighter died, even due to illness, the fire hall would be draped in mourning, and firefighters would wear the badge of mourning for 30 days.

When you visit
This photograph was taken in front of the old City Hall (now demolished) after 1882 when the engine was retired. It was kept for display and can be seen by appointment at Salem Fire Station #5, 1520 Glen Creek Road NW in West Salem. (Or you can just look through the windows of this Fire Station Museum.)

Other events

• L.S. Scott was elected Mayor and served two years. During his tenure, the City Board of Aldermen authorized the first piped water system to supply the businesses and residents of what is now downtown.
• The Patton Block, soon to become the leading mercantile establishment in Salem, is erected on State Street. Thomas McFadden Patton, the builder, was a local political leader and in 1884 was appointed United States consul at Hiogo, Japan. When he returned to Salem, he concentrated on his various businesses enterprises. His obituary of 1892 concludes, "Being a shrewd businessman and cautious in his investments, success attended him and he leaves considerable property."

This photograph of the Diamond Square in Lee Mission Cemetery is used courtesy of Elisabeth Walton Potter.

• Lee Mission Cemetery is incorporated by the state of Oregon. Originally part of the Parrish land grant, its first burial had been that of Lucy Thompson Lee (1809-1842), Jason Lee's second wife who died soon after the Salem settlement. His first wife, Anna Maria Pittman Lee (1803-1838) and Rev. Lee himself (1803-1845), were reburied here in the Diamond Square. It became the burial place of many other mission members and early Salem residents. This year, Elizabeth Parrish, wife of Josiah Parrish, was buried here.  It was listed on the National Register in 1978.
• Pioneer Methodist missionary, David Leslie died. Salem's newspaper reported that his funeral service "was crowded to its utmost capacity, and the procession to the cemetery, is said to have been the largest ever seen in this city. "   Rev. Leslie had arrived in Oregon in 1837, among the first reinforcement group at Mission Bottom, the Methodist mission. He received a large tract of land (south of the present Mission Street) and built a home on the site now occupied by Bush House Museum. He been a community leader through the difficult years of mission controversies, the settlement of Salem and its acceptance as the state capital. In his personal life, he had lost his first wife and six of his seven daughters, several through tragic circumstances at early ages. He was survived by his second wife, Adelia Judson Leslie (herself a widow twice before marrying David Leslie) and by one unmarried daughter, Helen.
• The United Presbytery of Oregon establishes a Presbyterian church in Salem, meeting on the second floor of the Gill Building on State Street. Rev. Wilson, Rev. Irvin, Dr. Gray and nineteen additional members formed the congregation.
• Reed Opera House is built this year and opened in 1870. Above the retail stores, the auditorium on the second level had a seating capacity of 1,500. The Oregon State Supreme Court and the State Library were located on the top floor. The Opera House provided a stage for traveling drama companies, gubernatorial inaugurations, political meetings, community celebrations, dances and lecturers.
• Flags at the State Capital hung at half-mast and the businesses on Commercial Street were closed to honor John Webster Perit Huntingon. He had died suddenly, without revealing the location of a recent gold shipment. Huntington served as State Representative, Oregon’s fifth Superintendent of Indian Affairs, a shareholder in several silver mines, and was part owner and editor of the Oregon Statesman newspaper. His home at 738 N. Front Street was destroyed in the Columbus Day windstorm of 1962.
• William Lincoln Wade builds a residence on Liberty Street in the same block as his dry goods store, a few doors south of the Boon Store. It has been moved to John Street and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Salem in 1860

World Events

• The first Japanese ambassadors to the U.S. arrive in San Francisco. The Chief minister of Japan is assassinated by Ronin samurai to protest opening Japan to foreign powers.
• After defeating Neapolitan forces, Garibaldi gives Naples to Victor Emmanuel II, naming him King of Italy.
• Abraham Lincoln is elected as first Republican U.S. President in November. South Carolina secedes from the Union the next month. (Team of Rivals, Doris Kearns Goodwin, 2006)
• In San Francisco, organized baseball played for the first time.
• "Pony Express" begins mail service from St. Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California with riders carrying a small Bible.
• Idaho white settlement begins at Franklin.
• Joseph Jefferson stars in "Rip Van Winkle" in New York City.
• In England, Wilkie Collins's Woman in White, an early detective novel, as well as George Eliot's Mill on the Floss, are published. New American Books: The first "Dime novel" is published: Malaseka, The Indian Wife of the White Hunter.  Not even Walt Whitman's sensitive Leaves of Grass, can surpass the most-read  book (except the Bible) in America, which is Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

• .

In Salem 
Residents of Salem are more interested in state politics than anything happening in Japan or Italy: Oregon had become the nation's 33rd state the year before with John Whiteaker as Governor, Lucien Heath as Secretary of State and John Boon as Treasurer. Because Salem is the capitol city, John Boon, a local merchant, builds this store at 888 Liberty Street. It will also serve as the first State Treasury. A favorite trading place in Salem's early history, the next owner, William Lincoln Wade, who built his residence on the same block, opened the building's upper story to serve as a community hall. With the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, Fred Karr transformed into a "beer parlor". A 1940 photograph shows John and Martha Boon's house next door, now relocated to Willamette Heritage Center. After 1976, the commercial building was sold and reopened as "Boon's Treasury". Purchased by the McMenamins in 1988, it is perhaps the oldest Salem business building in its original location.

When You Visit: Boon's Treasury
 Boon's Treasury offers food, drinks, and live music.
While you're there, check out the 1960 historic marker at Mill Creek, across High Street behind Boon's Treasury, to read about Salem's founding at this location along Mill Creek in 1842.

Lincoln Wade's Gothic-style 1870 home, formerly next door to Boon's Store, is now located at 1305 John Street S. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Other events in Salem this year

• With the passage of the City Charter, Lucian Heath, who had been our first state Secretary of State in 1859, was now elected our first mayor and took office on Nov. 22. Realizing the shallow wells used by residents and businesses were unhealthy, he initiated a committee of aldermen to discuss diverting water from Willamette Woolen Mill's Salem Ditch (itself a diversion from Santiam River) to Mill Creek. Negotiations with John Force, who owned the water right, failed.
• Edward Dickinson Baker, one of Abraham Lincoln's closest friends, is invited to Salem. He leaves his law practice in San Francisco, to establish residence here and become a US Senator from Oregon. 
  
• Drake's Iron Works is established on Front Street, beginning industrial use of our Salem downtown riverfront. Further north at Mill Creek and Liberty Street, Lucian Pratt and Joseph Watt build the successful Willamette Wooden Mill. B.M. Durelle moves his lumber mill machinery from a floating steamboat to a plant on the riverbank just north of Trade Street, but fire destroys his first plant and the replacement is washed away in a flood with in a year.
• Asahel Bush II, prominent pioneer newspaper publisher and banker, purchases 100 acres, farmhouse and barn from Dr. David Leslie, a pioneer Methodist missionary at the Willamette Mission, who held a Salem donation land claim, for $4,000. (Mary Kinney Leslie and Rachael Beardsley Beers were among the five wives who had accompanied the missionaries to the 1837 settlement abandoned in 1841.)  The Bush family will live in the former Leslie home for the next 17 years.
  
• The Rural Gothic Waller-Chamberlain house (above)  is built on State Street, probably in the present 1600 block. It was the home of Alvin Waller, a pioneer Methodist minister and supporter of the school that became Willamette University. He raised funds and oversaw construction of the First Methodist Church. In 1901, after a move to 1658 Court Street, the Chamberlain family was photographed on the front steps. This is the earliest home now in the Court-Chemeketa Historic Residential District. The present owners house remodeled the house in 1982. A few blocks away, on the northeast corner of Chemeketa and 14th streets, Joseph Holman built his log home and the first bridge across Mill Creek.
• At 738 North Front Street, John Webster Huntington, Superintendent of Indian Affairs builds a home. In this neighborhood, bordering Marion Square Park, other notables live including E. N. Cooke, our second mayor, and Obed Dickinson, first minister of the Congregational Church. The only residence to survive is the rebuilt 1861 Wilson-Durbin House on Water Street.
• This year, Chemeketa Lodge No. 1, Oddfellows (IOOF), established as the "Mother Lodge of Oregon". It moves to the Holman Buildin for the next 30 years. Members of the Lodge at this time include many prominent Salem names: B. F. Harding, E. N. Cooke, Joel Palmer, Cyrus Reed and Albert Zieber.
• Charles I. Roe becomes the second man hanged in Salem: he confessed to the murder of his (second) wife, Angelica, the motive being he "loved his wife better than life, and killed her to prevent others from enjoying her." The hanging was 150 feet east of Church Street toward near Trade Street, adjacent to the present Lindsay Towers. Roe's first marriage, to Nancy McKay, was part of the 1838 wedding festivities that also united Jason Lee and Anna Maria Putman at the original Willamette mission.
• John Phillips farm is already established in Polk County by this year. This historic 1853 vernacular Greek Revival house was built for pioneer John Phillips, who came to Oregon via the Oregon Trail in 1845. He finished his journey to Oregon on the Meek Cutoff as part of Stephen Meek's "lost wagon train". Phillips was a native of Wiltshire England who arrived in the U.S. in 1834 and married Elizabeth Hibbard in 1839. He came to Oregon and bought the Turner donation land claim in Polk County for $100. The locale was once known as Spring Valley Ranch. John Phillips' daughter Hannah married Samuel Barker. The grandson, Samuel E. Barker and his wife Velma were the last occupants. Their niece remembers stories that the local Native Americans would come in the back door to warm themselves by the pot-bellied stove. In 1976 the house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2014 it is the oldest residence in Polk County and was owned for 156 years by the same family. This National Register property on Spring Valley Road has been unoccupied since 2002.